Embedded Files
Adolf Hitler's Rise:
Hitler's Vision: Promoted Aryan superiority and persecuted Jews and minorities, seizing land.
Weimar Republic: Replaced the kaiser after Germany's 1918 defeat. It faced unpopularity and economic issues, worsened during the Great Depression.
Economic Strain: Unemployment rose, bringin alienation and right-wing support. Many saw the Weimar Republic as too weak.
Nazi Power:
Mein Kampf: Hitler's book, written in prison in 1925, outlined his extreme anti-Semitic views.
Political Success: Nazis gained power legally after 1932 elections. In 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor. After Hindenburg's 1934 death, Hitler declared himself president.
Nazi Control: Nazis instilled fear and blamed radicals for the Reichstag fire, using it to outlaw other parties and resistance.
Ultranationalism and Racism:
Promoting Racism: Hitler's pseudoscientific racism and anti-Semitism targeted Jews, Slavs, Roma, communists, and gay individuals, promoting a "pure" Aryan nation.
Nuremberg Laws:
Anti-Jewish Legislation: 1935 laws banned Jewish-gentile marriages and stripped Jews of citizenship, marginalizing them in society.
Axis Powers:
Military Alliances: Formed pacts with Italy (Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936) and Japan (Anti-Comintern Pact), creating the Axis Powers.
Kristallnacht:
Anti-Jewish Riots: In November 1938, orchestrated by Nazis, resulted in 90+ Jewish deaths, synagogue destruction, and 30,000 arrests.
Aggressive Militarism:
Military Expansion: Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by creating an air force and conscripting soldiers in 1935.
Treaty Violations:
Rhineland Occupation: In March 1936, Hitler stationed troops in the Rhineland, violating the Treaty of Versailles. Britain and France protested but took no action.
Appeasement:
British Policy: Britain hoped to maintain peace by giving in to Hitler’s demands, but his support for Spanish fascists indicated growing power.
Austrian Unification:
Anschluss: In March 1938, Germany annexed Austria, with no resistance, forming the Third Reich.
Czechoslovakia:
Sudetenland Demand: In September 1938, Hitler annexed the Sudetenland after the Munich Agreement. Emboldened, he seized all of Czechoslovakia in 1939.
Poland Conflict:
Invasion Excuse: Hitler targeted Danzig, leading Britain to end appeasement and protect Poland. The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact in August 1939 assured Stalin control of eastern Poland.
War Outbreak: Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, leading Britain and France to declare war, starting World War II in Europe.
Causes of World War II:
Diplomatic: Treaty of Versailles imbalance, failed appeasement, League of Nations' failure.
Economic: Global depression, Treaty of Versailles.
Political: Japanese and German militarism, rise of Hitler.
Japan’s Expansion:
Aggression in Asia: By 1939, Japan had moved aggressively against Korea and China, marking the start of World War II in Asia.
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