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Political Changes
Imperialism and Wars: Early 20th century saw fierce competition among nations, leading to two world wars. Allies developed strong relationships.
Cold War: Divided the world into opposing camps, emphasizing differences.
Post-Cold War: Economic and cultural barriers fell, leading to cooperative organizations like the EU, NAFTA, and global associations like the UN and WTO.
Social Changes
Global Collaboration: Brought diverse cultures into closer contact.
Rights Movements: Civil rights and women’s rights brought marginalized voices into mainstream.
New Scientific Perspectives: Einstein revolutionized understanding of physical reality; Freud explored human psyche; Sartre philosophized existentialism.
Technological Advancements: Transformations in communication, transportation, and medical science.
Artistic Changes
Cubism: Picasso’s "Guernica" challenged traditional perspectives.
Stream-of-Consciousness Writing: Proust and Joyce rebelled against traditional narrative forms.
Atonal Music: Schoenberg explored new musical expressions.
Harlem Renaissance: African American cultural rebirth in literature, music, and arts, making Harlem a center for black artistic expression and giving rise to jazz.
Emergence of Popular Culture
New Media: Radio and motion pictures in the 1920s created shared cultural experiences.
Role of Radio and TV: Played a vital role in national defense, provided entertainment, and drove consumer culture post-WWII.
Internet: Connected people globally in the 1990s.
Americanization and Global Brands
Cultural Dominance: US culture became globally influential, leading to Americanization and sometimes resentment.
English Language: Spread widely through British Empire influence and American media.
Global Brands: Companies like Apple, Nike, and Coca-Cola became international icons.
Cultural Influences and Exchange
Bollywood: Indian film industry gained global popularity.
Anime: Japanese animation became a major influence worldwide.
Reggae and K-Pop: Jamaican and Korean music styles gained international fame.
Social Media and Sports
Social Media: Platforms like Facebook and Twitter revolutionized communication but also faced censorship in some countries.
Global Sports: Olympics and World Cup soccer featuring global interest, and sports like basketball and baseball saw international participation and popularity.
Global Culture and Religion
New Religious Movements: Hari Krishna, New Age religions, and Falun Gong gained followers worldwide.
Religious Affiliation: While most people identified with some religion, a growing number of younger individuals were non-affiliated.
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